XplorePlane/XP.ImageProcessing.Processors/检测分析/BackgroundDefectAnalyzer.cs

// ============================================================================
// Copyright © 2026 Hexagon Technology Center GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
// 文件名: BackgroundDefectAnalyzer.cs
// 描述: 白底/黑底对比下的缺陷斑点分析（仅 ROI 内计算，不接入流水线算子）
// 算法: Otsu 二值化 → 形态学开运算 → 外轮廓 → 面积过滤 → 轮廓顶点最远弦（物理长度与历史等效直径同一标定：mm/px → μm）
// 作者: 李伟 wei.lw.li@hexagon.com
// ============================================================================

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using Emgu.CV;
using Emgu.CV.CvEnum;
using Emgu.CV.Structure;
using Emgu.CV.Util;

namespace XP.ImageProcessing.Processors;

/// <summary>
/// 底色类型：决定 Otsu 后保留的前景是暗区还是亮区。
/// </summary>
public enum BackgroundDefectMode
{
    /// <summary>白底图像上检测偏暗区域（BinaryInv + Otsu）。</summary>
    WhiteBackground,

    /// <summary>黑底图像上检测偏亮区域（Binary + Otsu）。</summary>
    BlackBackground
}

/// <summary>
/// 单个斑点：轮廓顶点相对于 ROI 左上角；<see cref="MaxChordMicrometers"/> 为轮廓顶点间欧氏距离最大值（微米）。
/// </summary>
public sealed class BackgroundDefectBlob
{
    public Point[] ContourInRoi { get; init; } = Array.Empty<Point>();
    public double MaxChordMicrometers { get; init; }
    public Point MaxChordEndAInRoi { get; init; }
    public Point MaxChordEndBInRoi { get; init; }
}

/// <summary>
/// 在灰度 ROI 上执行底色缺陷斑点检测。调用方负责构造与释放 <paramref name="roiGray"/>。
/// </summary>
public static class BackgroundDefectAnalyzer
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 在 ROI 灰度图上检测斑点。
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="roiGray">ROI 灰度图（单通道 8 位）。</param>
    /// <param name="mode">白底或黑底模式。</param>
    /// <param name="minAreaPixels">轮廓最小面积（像素²），小于此值的轮廓丢弃。</param>
    /// <param name="mmPerPixel">像素物理尺寸（毫米/像素），用于轮廓最远弦换算为微米。</param>
    /// <param name="morphKernelSize">形态学开运算核尺寸（奇数，默认 3）。</param>
    public static List<BackgroundDefectBlob> DetectBlobs(
        Image<Gray, byte> roiGray,
        BackgroundDefectMode mode,
        int minAreaPixels = 50,
        double mmPerPixel = 0.139,
        int morphKernelSize = 3)
    {
        if (roiGray == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(roiGray));
        if (minAreaPixels < 1) minAreaPixels = 1;
        if (mmPerPixel <= 0) mmPerPixel = 0.139;
        if (morphKernelSize < 1) morphKernelSize = 1;
        if ((morphKernelSize & 1) == 0) morphKernelSize++;

        int rw = roiGray.Width;
        int rh = roiGray.Height;
        if (rw < 1 || rh < 1) return new List<BackgroundDefectBlob>();

        var thresholdType = mode == BackgroundDefectMode.WhiteBackground
            ? ThresholdType.BinaryInv | ThresholdType.Otsu
            : ThresholdType.Binary | ThresholdType.Otsu;

        using var binary = new Image<Gray, byte>(rw, rh);
        CvInvoke.Threshold(roiGray, binary, 0, 255, thresholdType);

        using var kernel = CvInvoke.GetStructuringElement(
            ElementShape.Ellipse, new Size(morphKernelSize, morphKernelSize), new Point(-1, -1));
        CvInvoke.MorphologyEx(binary, binary, MorphOp.Open, kernel, new Point(-1, -1), 1,
            BorderType.Default, new MCvScalar(0));

        using var contours = new VectorOfVectorOfPoint();
        using var hierarchy = new Mat();
        CvInvoke.FindContours(binary, contours, hierarchy, RetrType.External, ChainApproxMethod.ChainApproxSimple);

        var result = new List<BackgroundDefectBlob>();

        for (int i = 0; i < contours.Size; i++)
        {
            double area = CvInvoke.ContourArea(contours[i]);
            if (area < minAreaPixels) continue;

            int n = contours[i].Size;
            if (n < 2) continue;

            var pts = new Point[n];
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
                pts[j] = contours[i][j];

            MaxChordInPixelSpace(pts, out double maxChordPx, out Point pa, out Point pb);
            double maxChordMicrometers = maxChordPx * mmPerPixel * 1000.0;

            result.Add(new BackgroundDefectBlob
            {
                ContourInRoi = pts,
                MaxChordMicrometers = maxChordMicrometers,
                MaxChordEndAInRoi = pa,
                MaxChordEndBInRoi = pb
            });
        }

        return result;
    }

    /// <summary>轮廓顶点集合上的最远点对（欧氏距离，像素）。</summary>
    private static void MaxChordInPixelSpace(Point[] pts, out double maxChordPx, out Point a, out Point b)
    {
        maxChordPx = 0;
        a = pts[0];
        b = pts.Length > 1 ? pts[1] : pts[0];
        long bestSq = 0;
        int bestI = 0, bestJ = 1;
        int n = pts.Length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            int iX = pts[i].X, iY = pts[i].Y;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
            {
                long dx = iX - pts[j].X;
                long dy = iY - pts[j].Y;
                long sq = dx * dx + dy * dy;
                if (sq > bestSq)
                {
                    bestSq = sq;
                    bestI = i;
                    bestJ = j;
                }
            }
        }

        a = pts[bestI];
        b = pts[bestJ];
        maxChordPx = Math.Sqrt(bestSq);
    }
}